The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) and Graded Motor Imagery (GMI) combined with conventional physiotherapy on pain, kinesiophobia, central sensitization, functional disability, range of motion, and quality of life in patients with Type II diabetic adhesive capsulitis. Adhesive capsulitis is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain and progressive restriction of shoulder movement, particularly among individuals with diabetes mellitus. Conventional physiotherapy is widely used to restore shoulder mobility and function; however, it may not adequately address central sensitization and fear of movement. Pain Neuroscience Education aims to improve patients' understanding of pain mechanisms and reduce maladaptive beliefs, while Graded Motor Imagery targets cortical reorganization and movement-related fear. The combination of these interventions with conventional physiotherapy may improve clinical outcomes and enhance quality of life.
Age range
40 Years – 65 Years
Sex
ALL
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A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Pain intensity measured by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0), Week 3, and Week 6
Shoulder Pain and Disability Measured by the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0), Week 3, and Week 6
Shoulder Range of Motion Measured Using a Universal Goniometer
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0), Week 3, and Week 6
Kinesiophobia Measured by the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17).
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0), Week 3, and Week 6
Central Sensitization Measured by the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI).
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0), Week 3, and Week 6