Composite Restorations in Primary Molars

Inclusion Criteria: * children aged between 4 and 10 years, * classified as ASA I according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (i.e., healthy individuals without systemic disease except for conditions not affecting general health), * demonstrating cooperative behavior corresponding to Frankl Behavior Rating Scale scores of 3 (positive) or 4 (definitely positive). * Only patients presenting with Angle Class I occlusion * demonstrating bilateral, balanced mastication were included in the study. * Teeth included in the study were required to present with Class II (MO/DO) cavities and to have an antagonist and proximal contact. * According to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II), teeth with scores of 4, 5, or 6 were included. * In addition, only teeth with a plaque index score of 0 (no plaque) or 1 (plaque not visible to the naked eye but detectable with a probe at the gingival margin) * a gingival index score of 0 (healthy gingiva, no inflammation) were selected Exclusion Criteria: * patients who do not meet the inclusion criteria * teeth that do not meet the inclusion criteria * Teeth showing internal and external resorption on radiographic examination * Patients/guardians who declined to participate in the study and participants who did not sign the consent form