The current study will be a single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving 62 patients diagnosed with smog-induced pneumonia. The study will compare the effects of Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT) with Incentive Spirometry (IS) on respiratory outcomes. Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups using a concealed allocation method. The experimental group will receive Buteyko Breathing Technique along with standard medical care, while the control group will receive Incentive Spirometry along with standard medical care. Both interventions will be performed twice daily for approximately 20-30 minutes per session for seven days or until hospital discharge. Primary outcomes will include oxygen saturation (SpO₂), dyspnoea severity, exercise tolerance, sputum clearance, and respiratory symptom burden. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (Day 0), mid-intervention (Day 3), post-intervention (Week 2), and follow-up (Week 4). The study will be conducted at the pulmonary wards of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) and The Indus Hospital, Lahore. The hypothesis is that Buteyko Breathing Technique may produce greater improvements in oxygen saturation, dyspnoea reduction, exercise tolerance, and sputum clearance compared with Incentive Spirometry in patients with smog-induced pneumonia.
Age range
25 Years – 40 Years
Sex
ALL
See this in plain English?
AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.
Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 3, Week 2, and Week 4 follow-up.
Six-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 3, Week 2, and Week 4 follow-up.
Sputum Wet Weight
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 3, Week 2, and Week 4 follow-up.
Dyspnoea Severity Score (Modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 3, Week 2, and Week 4 follow-up.
Respiratory Symptom Severity Score (Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale [BCSS])
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 3, Week 2, and Week 4 follow-up.