Hippo Signaling Pathway Proteins in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Individuals With Periodontal Disease

Inclusion Criteria: * Systemically healthy individuals aged 18-65 years * Non-smokers or smoking cessation more than 5 years ago * Healthy group: No history of periodontal disease, ≥20 teeth, probing depth (PD) ≤3 mm at all sites, bleeding on probing (BOP) \<10%, radiographic CEJ-to-alveolar bone crest distance ≤3 mm in ≥95% of teeth * Gingivitis group: No history of periodontal disease, ≥20 teeth, PD ≤3 mm at all sites, BOP ≥30%, radiographic CEJ-to-alveolar bone crest distance ≤3 mm in ≥95% of teeth * Periodontitis group: ≥15 teeth, \>30% of teeth affected by periodontal disease, PD ≥6 mm, clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥5 mm, vertical bone loss ≥3 mm, Class II or III furcation involvement, radiographic alveolar bone loss extending to the middle third or beyond (≥33%), bone loss-to-age ratio between 0.25 and 1.00 Exclusion Criteria: * Periodontal treatment or antibiotic use within the past 6 months * Fewer than 20 teeth (excluding third molars) * Presence of any systemic disease * Current smoking or cessation within the past 5 years * Use of immunosuppressive medication * Alcohol consumption * Regular medication use * Pregnancy or lactation * Need for antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures * Prosthetic restorations on the teeth selected for sampling