Middle Meningeal Artery Embolisation in Chronic Subdural Hematoma

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older. * Diagnosis of a symptomatic or asymptomatic chronic or subacute subdural hematoma (cSDH) confirmed by neuroimaging (CT or MRI). * Hematoma thickness of 5 mm or greater at its widest point on baseline neuroimaging. * Patient is managed either conservatively or via standard surgical evacuation (e.g., burr-hole craniostomy) where MMAE is planned as a standalone or adjunctive treatment. * Written informed consent provided by the patient or a legally authorized representative. Exclusion Criteria: * Acute subdural hematoma requiring emergency surgical decompression due to severe neurological deficit with signs of impending herniation. * Evidence of an active intracranial infection or sepsis. * Known vascular malformation, aneurysm, or dural arteriovenous fistula as the source of the hematoma. * Severe uncorrectable coagulopathy or bleeding disorder (e.g., platelet count \<50,000/µL or INR \>2.0 that cannot be safely corrected before the procedure). * Severe renal impairment (e.g., eGFR \<30 mL/min/1.73m²) or known severe allergy to iodinated contrast media (unless adequate premedication is possible). * Life expectancy of less than 3 months due to severe comorbid conditions.