Clinical Validation of Vital-PICASO for Predicting Cardiac Arrest Within 24 Hours

Inclusion Criteria: General Criteria * Male or female patient aged 19 years or older at the time the clinical data were recorded * Electronic medical record data available between January 1, 2023, and May 31, 2025 * Admission to a general ward for at least 12 hours * Availability of the required vital-sign data, including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and oxygen saturation when available * Clinical data not previously used in the development of Vital-PICASO Cardiac Arrest-Positive Group * In-hospital cardiac arrest occurred in a general ward * Cardiac arrest was documented in the electronic medical record and was followed by at least one of the following resuscitation procedures: * High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation * Defibrillation * Advanced life support * Vital-sign data were available for up to 72 hours before the cardiac arrest * If cardiac arrest occurred within 24 hours after admission to the general ward, all available vital-sign data recorded before the event were included * If a patient experienced multiple cardiac arrest events during the study period, only the first eligible event was included Cardiac Arrest-Negative Group * No cardiac arrest or other predefined clinical deterioration occurred during the selected general ward admission period * The patient was selected from the same general ward as patients in the cardiac arrest-positive group * Vital-sign data were available from a…