Clinical Validation of Vital-PICASO for Predicting Hypotension Within 24 Hours in General Ward Inpatients

Inclusion Criteria: General Criteria * Male or female patient aged 19 years or older at the time the clinical data were recorded * Electronic medical record data available between January 1, 2023, and May 31, 2025 * Admission to a general ward for at least 12 hours * Clinical data not previously used in the development of Vital-PICASO Hypotension-Positive Group * Hypotension occurred in a general ward * Hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg * Vital-sign data were available for up to 72 hours before the hypotension event * If hypotension occurred within 24 hours after admission or transfer to the general ward, all available vital-sign data recorded before the event were included * If a patient experienced multiple hypotension events during the data collection period, only the first eligible event was included Hypotension-Negative Group * No hypotension occurred during the selected general ward admission period * Data were randomly selected from the same general wards as the hypotension-positive group * Vital-sign data were available from a time interval comparable with the hypotension event reference time or for up to 72 hours after admission to the general ward * Only one eligible data interval was included per patient * The data were considered appropriate for inclusion in the hypotension-negative group by the investigator Exclusion Criteria: * Hypotension occurred outside a general ward * A do-not-resuscitate order was in effect at the tim…