This multicentre, randomized clinical trial compared digital intraosseous anaesthesia with conventional local anaesthetic techniques in children aged 6-12 years receiving restorative treatment for MIH-affected permanent first molars. Within the maxillary stratum, digital intraosseous anaesthesia was compared with conventional infiltration anaesthesia; within the mandibular stratum, it was compared with inferior alveolar nerve block. The primary outcome was child-reported pain during restorative treatment. Secondary outcomes included pain during needle penetration and anaesthetic solution delivery, observed pain-related behaviour, and change in dental anxiety.
Who can participate
Age range
6 Years – 12 Years
Sex
ALL
See this in plain English?
AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Inclusion Criteria:
* Children aged 6-12 years.
* Confirmed diagnosis of molar-incisor hypomineralisation according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry diagnostic criteria.
* Presence of an MIH-affected permanent first molar classified as Würzburg Category 1 or 2a and requiring either a direct resin composite restoration or a stainless steel crown.
* Positive or definitely positive behaviour according to the Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale.
* No known allergy to local anaesthetics.
* No relevant systemic disease.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Receipt of analgesic, anxiolytic, or sedative medication within 48 hours before the treatment appointment.
* Previous experience with intraosseous anaesthesia.
* Presence of an acute dentoalveolar infection at the planned treatment site.
Questions worth asking your doctor
Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.
1Based on my diagnosis and history, is this trial worth exploring for me — or is there a standard treatment we should try first?
2What does this trial's phase tell us about how much is already known about its safety and benefit?
3What would taking part actually involve for me — visits, tests, time, and travel?
4What are the known and possible risks or side effects I should weigh, and how would they be monitored?
5If this trial isn't the right fit, what other options or trials would you suggest I look into?
Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
Questions for the trial coordinator
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
1What does taking part actually involve week to week — how many visits, where, and how long does each one take?
2What costs are covered by the study, and what might I have to pay for myself, including travel, parking, or time off work?
3What happens during screening, and what happens if the study team confirms I don't meet the criteria after those tests?
4Who pays for the scans, blood work, and other tests the trial requires — the study, my insurance, or me?
5How will being in the trial affect my regular care, and will my own doctor stay informed and involved?
6Can I leave the trial at any point if I change my mind, and what would happen to my care if I do?
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
What they're measuring
1
Child-Reported Pain During Dental Treatment Assessed Using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
Timeframe: During the restorative procedure after local anesthesia administration, within the single treatment visit