Time-Restricted Eating and Staple Food Reduction Combined With App-Supported Exercise for Weight and Glycemic Control

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 to 50 years, all sexes. * Body mass index (BMI) \>=28 kg/m2. * Willing and able to comply with study procedures and provide written informed consent. * Resident living near a participating study site and able to complete scheduled visits. * No habitual time-restricted eating or other fasting regimen, such as alternate-day fasting or fasting-mimicking diet. * Abnormal glucose metabolism or diabetes, defined as fasting plasma glucose \>5.6 mmol/L or HbA1c \>5.7%. Exclusion Criteria: * Secondary obesity, such as hypothyroidism or Cushing syndrome. * Use of weight-loss medication within 90 days before screening, or body weight change \>5 kg within 90 days before screening. * Pregnant, lactating, or planning pregnancy during the study period. * Severe cardiac, hepatic, or renal dysfunction. * Severe psychiatric disease or cognitive impairment that prevents cooperation with the study. * Contraindication to exercise, such as severe osteoarthritis. * Unable or unwilling to follow the study diet and exercise intervention. * Long-term use of medications that may significantly affect body weight. * Active malignancy in any organ system. * Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, may affect efficacy or safety evaluation or make the participant unsuitable for the study.