A single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted with 30 male overhead athletes (17-35 years) recruited from cricket clubs and sports complexes in Faisalabad. Participants were randomized into Group A (rotator cuff drills: plyometric medicine ball throws, wall dribbles) or Group B (PREs: resistance band exercises with progressive loading). Both groups underwent 12-week interventions (3 sessions/week) following the FIIT principle (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type), preceded by a standardized 20-minute warm-up. Outcomes were assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), and Upper Limb Rotation Test (ULRT) at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS v24, with statistical significance set at \*p\* ≤ 0.05. Descriptive statistics (mean, SD) summarized continuous variables, while frequencies/percentages described categorical data. Normality was confirmed via Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Between-group differences were analyzed using independent \*t\*-tests, and within-group changes via paired \*t\*-tests. The study's rigorous blinding and standardized protocols minimized bias, ensuring robust comparisons between interventions.
Age range
17 Years – 35 Years
Sex
MALE
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Pain through NPRS
Timeframe: Pre and 6 week post interventional
stability through CKCUEST
Timeframe: Pre and 6 week post interventional
functional performance through ULRT
Timeframe: Pre and 6 week post interventional