Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide, with increasing rates in later life. It represents a significant healthcare challenge in low- and middle-income countries where limited access to diagnostic imaging and specialised breast services contributes to delays in diagnosis and suboptimal treatment outcomes. Accurate localisation of breast lesions is fundamental for effective breast cancer management, particularly in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy where the primary tumour may become clinically or radiologically occult. Breast lesion clips serve as durable markers that allow precise localization for surgical excision and radiological follow-up. This study is a prospective comparative trial being conducted at MTH Faisalabad, Pakistan, to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ultrasound-guided clipping versus blind clipping of breast lesions in low socioeconomic settings. A total of 50 female patients aged 25-75 years with palpable, unifocal breast tumours (T1-T4) planned for neoadjuvant chemotherapy will be randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups using computer-generated randomization. Group A will receive blind clip placement using palpation without real-time imaging guidance. Immediate confirmation will be done by ultrasonography. Group B will receive ultrasound-guided clip placement. The primary outcome measures are the accuracy of clip placement defined as," clip localization within 10 millimeters of the target lesion on imaging", The total cost of the procedure, and safety outcomes including minor complications. Secondary outcomes include patient satisfaction measured using LIKERT score and the total number of hospital visits required. The study aims to provide evidence on whether blind clipping represents a viable, cost-effective alternative to ultrasound-guided clipping in resource-constrained environments where affordability and availability of trained radiologist present significant barriers to optimal breast cancer care.
Age range
25 Years – 75 Years
Sex
ALL
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A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Efficacy of Clip Placement
Timeframe: At follow-up imaging performed 2-4 weeks after the clipping procedure
Cost of Clipping
Timeframe: At the time of the procedure and at the time of discharge
Safety of the Procedure
Timeframe: From the time of procedure through the completion of follow-up at 4 weeks post-procedure