The Value of Bowel Sounds in Evaluating Postoperative Intestinal Function Recovery in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 18-80 years. * Histopathologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma according to the WHO 2022 classification. * No restriction on prior neoadjuvant or other antitumor therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. * Able to understand the study requirements and voluntarily provide written informed consent (patient and/or legally authorized representative). * Able to communicate effectively with the investigators and willing to comply with all study procedures, including postoperative management and follow-up. Exclusion Criteria: * Significant organ dysfunction indicating inability to tolerate surgery or an unacceptably high perioperative risk, including: * Severe cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Class III or IV). * Severe hepatic dysfunction (MELD score \>12). * Severe renal dysfunction (eGFR \<30 mL/min/1.73 m² \[CKD stage 4-5\] or end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis). * Severe pulmonary dysfunction (resting PaO₂ \<60 mmHg on room air or respiratory failure requiring long-term oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation). * Participation in another clinical study within 4 weeks before enrollment or concurrent participation in another interventional clinical study. * Emergency surgery required because of intestinal obstruction, perforation, or other acute abdominal conditions. * Severe psychiatric disorders that would interfere with compliance with perioperative management or follow-up. * Pregnant or breastfe…