Characterization, Health Resource Utilization and Biomarkers in Early-stage

Plain-language summary

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide as it is for highand middle-income countries. A major decline in lung cancer incidence and mortality might be mainly due to the reduction on tobacco smoking prevalence since survival rates has not significantly improved despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment. Lung cancer is broadly classified into two categories, based on the type of tumor cells: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Among them, is the most frequent type and is subdivided into histological types: Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung arge cells carcinoma. Additional biological complexity has been uncovered through intense research in recent years, including different molecular subtypes with specific targetable characteristics. Diagnosing cancer at early stages (I or II) is critical as it may offer patients a better prognosis in terms of overall survival )for instance, patients diagnosed at stage IA have a 5- year survival rate higher than 80%, compared to less than 10% for those diagnosed at stage IV ostly because the possibility for most patients to undergo surgery or radiotherapy, as potentially curative interventions. A study among resectable lung cancer in Colombia found overall 3-year survival for patients with and without relapse 78% and 96%, respectively Early-stage may have a considerable recurrence rate despite of opportune and complete resections and the Colombian study found stage II (T3 and N1 as independent factors) and pleura invasion associated with a higher risk of recurrence.

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