Impairment Based Treatment Versus Modified Functional Restoration Program in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * ≥ 60 years * Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain (CNSLBP) * Pain duration ≥ 12 weeks * No identifiable specific spinal pathology * Pain Location * Pain localized between the 12th rib and gluteal folds * With or without non-dermatomal referred pain not extending below the knee * Pain Intensity * Mean pain intensity ≥ 4/10 on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) over the past 7 days * Functional Disability * Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) ≥ 20% (moderate disability or higher) * Mechanical Pain Characteristics * Presence of ≥ 2 of the following: * Pain aggravated by movement, loading, or prolonged postures * Pain relieved by rest or positional change * Morning stiffness \< 30 minutes * Absence of constant, non-mechanical night pain Functional Capacity * Able to ambulate independently (with or without assistive device) * Able to actively participate in an exercise-based rehabilitation program * Clinical Stability * Stable medication regimen (analgesics, anti-inflammatories, or related drugs) for ≥ 4 weeks * No planned changes in pharmacological treatment during the study period * Cognitive \& Communication Ability * Able to understand study procedures and follow instructions * MMSE ≥ 24 (or equivalent cognitive screening) * Consent * Provides written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * 1\. Specific Spinal Pathology ("Red Flags") * Suspected or confirmed: * Spinal fracture * Malignancy * Spinal infection * Inflammatory spondyloarthropathy Clinical…