Falls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Approximately one-third of individuals over 65 years of age fall each year, and 10-15% of these falls result in serious injury. Balance disorders, decreased muscle strength, prolonged reaction time, and decreased proprioception are key factors that increase the risk of falls. One evidence-based intervention to reduce the risk of falls is the Otago Exercise Program, originating in New Zealand. The program includes strength and balance exercises progressed with ankle weights and walking activities, and has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of falls in older adults. Proprioceptive exercises aim to stimulate the sensory system responsible for body position perception and movement control. These exercises contribute to improved balance by enhancing sensorimotor integration. Although the literature shows positive effects of Otago and proprioceptive exercise programs separately, studies comparing the effectiveness of combining these two approaches on sarcopenia, frailty, balance, falls, reaction time, and physical performance parameters are limited. The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the effects of the Otago exercise program and a program combining Otago and proprioceptive exercises on sarcopenia, frailty, reaction time, balance, falls, and physical performance in geriatric individuals. It is expected that the findings will contribute to more effective and goal-oriented planning of exercise programs in the geriatric population.
Age range
65 Years
Sex
ALL
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Change in Frailty Measured by the Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS)
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks (18 sessions)
Change in Muscle Strength Measured by Hand Grip and Knee Extension Dynamometry
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks (18 sessions)
Change in Physical Performance Measured by the 4-Meter Walking Speed Test
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks (18 sessions)
Change in Muscle Mass Measured by Gastrocnemius-Soleus Circumference
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks (18 sessions)
Change in Reaction Time Measured by the Nelson Hand and Foot Reaction Test
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks (18 sessions)
Change in Peripheral Sensation Measured by Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks (18 sessions)
Change in Balance and Falls Measured by Number of Falls and Balance Testing
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks (18 sessions)