The goal of this interventional study is to learn how different types of footwear affect gait, stability, comfort, and walking performance in adults with a unilateral transtibial amputation who use a lower limb prosthesis. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does footwear type affect gait characteristics such as gait speed, stride length, cadence, prosthetic foot clearance, and stance phase duration? * Does footwear type affect kinetic measures such as ground reaction forces and ankle power variables during walking? * Does footwear type affect in-shoe plantar pressure distribution? * Do participants perceive differences in comfort and stability between footwear conditions? Participants will: * Attend a laboratory-based gait analysis session at the University of Salford. * Complete walking tasks while wearing four footwear conditions: their own preferred footwear, an Oxford shoe, a running/walking shoe, and a shoe with a forefoot rocker profile. * Perform straight-line walking, incline and decline walking, and S-shaped walking tasks. * Wear reflective markers and in-shoe pressure sensors during testing. * Complete visual analogue scale ratings of comfort and stability for each footwear condition.
Age range
18 Years – 65 Years
Sex
ALL
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Gait speed
Timeframe: Baseline (single laboratory assessment)
Stride length
Timeframe: Baseline (single laboratory assessment)
Cadence
Timeframe: Baseline (single laboratory assessment)
Prosthetic foot clearance during swing phase
Timeframe: Baseline (single laboratory assessment)
Foot clearance time
Timeframe: Baseline (single laboratory assessment)
Ground reaction forces
Timeframe: Baseline (single laboratory assessment)
Stance phase duration
Timeframe: Baseline (single laboratory assessment)
Ankle power generated by the prosthetic foot
Abdulaziz Alkanderi, PhD Candidate
Timeframe: Baseline (single laboratory assessment)