The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether hydroponic spinach (HS) versus conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption effects on salivary nitrate availability and blood pressure in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: Do hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption salivary nitrate availability responses in adults when consumed in equal volumes? Do hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption blood pressure responses in adults when consumed in equal volumes? Participants will: Consume hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies on two separate study days. Attend two laboratory visits at the university, scheduled within a 1-2 week period. Undergo check-ups and study measurements during each visit (e.g., blood pressure and saliva sampling).
Age range
18 Years – 60 Years
Sex
ALL
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Salivary nitrate concentration
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 hours post-consumption