Innovative Brain-Computer Interface for People With Spinal Cord Injury

Inclusion Criteria: * Clinical diagnosis of SCI at the cervical level C4 or higher (C1-C4) * Complete or incomplete tetraplegia (quadriplegia) or tetraparesis (quadriparesis), i.e., level A or B at the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale * Meeting surgical safety criteria, including surgical clearance by the study physicians * Meeting (neuro)psychological evaluation criteria * Ability to communicate reliably, via speech or other means * Willingness and ability to provide informed consent. * Lives within reasonable distance from UMC Utrecht * Participant consents to the study and still wishes to participate at the time of the study. * Vision and hearing largely intact. * For candidates who are not currently receiving invasive ventilation, and who have current respiratory problems (e.g., at night), there should be a clear and confirmed desire to proceed with tracheostomy ventilation whenever that would become necessary. Exclusion Criteria: * Having a spinal cord injury with a degenerative or progressive etiology. * Having evident swallowing problems. * Having a significant current or recent anxiety disorder or depression or cognitive impairment that would interfere with obtaining informed consent or fully participating in study activities. * Medical conditions contraindicating surgery of a chronically implanted device or that could interfere with study participation (for example active infections, unexplained fever, existing scalp lesions or skin break…