Analysis of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), Mid Regional proAdrenomedullin (MR proADM), and Persepsin Levels in Patient in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Pneumonia, With or Without Influenza Vaccination
Indonesia60 participantsStarted 2026-01-01
Plain-language summary
The goal of this observational study is to analyze the relationship between various biomarkers (GDF-15, MR proADM, and Presepsin) in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) who also have Pneumonia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and have received Influenza vaccinations.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Is there a significant correlation between the levels of these specific biomarkers and the clinical outcomes or inflammatory status of these patients?
* How does Influenza vaccinations relate to the levels of these biomarkers in the context of ACS with comorbid respiratory conditions? Researchers will compare the levels of these biomarkers across the participant group to see if they can serve as indicators of the patients' health status or the impact of the vaccinations.
Participants will:
\- Undergo clinical assessment for Acute Coronary Syndrome, Pneumonia, and COPD. Provide medical history regarding Influenza vaccination status. Provide blood samples for the measurement of GDF-15, MR proADM, and Presepsin levels.
Who can participate
Age range
18 Years – 65 Years
Sex
ALL
See this in plain English?
AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Inclusion Criteria:
* Adult male patients (\< 65 years old).
* History of being an active smoker.
* Confirmed diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and Pneumonia based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological criteria.
* Demonstrated clinical improvement (stabilization) after receiving standard ACS and Pneumonia therapy in the acute intrahospital phase.
* Willing to undergo all study procedures and sign the Informed Consent form.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Presence of absolute contraindications to pneumococcal and influenza vaccination (history of anaphylactic reactions to vaccine components).
* Patients with malignancies (cancer), systemic autoimmune diseases, or those currently on long-term immunosuppressant therapy.
* Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) or severe liver dysfunction that could confound inflammatory biomarker values.
* Patients with persistently unstable hemodynamic conditions or unresolved cardiogenic shock during the acute care phase.
* Patient death before the observation period (up to post-vaccination) is completed.
* Patient unilaterally resigns or withdraws consent during the study.
* Lost to follow-up during scheduled outpatient clinic visits or scheduled follow-up biomarker evaluations.
Questions worth asking your doctor
Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.
1Based on my diagnosis and history, is this trial worth exploring for me — or is there a standard treatment we should try first?
2What does this trial's phase tell us about how much is already known about its safety and benefit?
3What would taking part actually involve for me — visits, tests, time, and travel?
4What are the known and possible risks or side effects I should weigh, and how would they be monitored?
5If this trial isn't the right fit, what other options or trials would you suggest I look into?
Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
Questions for the trial coordinator
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
1What does taking part actually involve week to week — how many visits, where, and how long does each one take?
2What costs are covered by the study, and what might I have to pay for myself, including travel, parking, or time off work?
3What happens during screening, and what happens if the study team confirms I don't meet the criteria after those tests?
4Who pays for the scans, blood work, and other tests the trial requires — the study, my insurance, or me?
5How will being in the trial affect my regular care, and will my own doctor stay informed and involved?
6Can I leave the trial at any point if I change my mind, and what would happen to my care if I do?
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
What they're measuring
1
Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers (GDF-15, MR proADM, and Presepsin)
Timeframe: At baseline (admission) and up to 30 days post-vaccination follow-up.