The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effects of anemia on sublingual microcirculation in patients undergoing goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) during surgery. The main question it aims to answer is: Does anemia, under the condition of goal-directed fluid therapy, lead to significant changes in sublingual microcirculatory parameters (such as microvascular density and perfusion)? Participants will include 54 patients scheduled for elective open radical gastrectomy (27 anemic vs. 27 non-anemic). Sublingual microcirculation will be assessed using a side-stream dark field imaging device at four time points: before anesthesia induction (T0), after induction (T1), after specimen removal (T2), and after anastomosis completion (T3). All patients will receive intraoperative GDFT guided by pulse pressure variation (PPV) and cardiac output (CO) via the Vigileo-FloTrac system.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
ALL
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A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Total Vessel Density (TVD)
Timeframe: before anesthesia induction (T0), after anesthesia induction (T1), after specimen removal (T2), and after anastomosis completion (T3).
Perfused Vessel Density (PVD)
Timeframe: before anesthesia induction (T0), after anesthesia induction (T1), after specimen removal (T2), and after anastomosis completion (T3).
Proportion of Perfused Vessels (PPV)
Timeframe: before anesthesia induction (T0), after anesthesia induction (T1), after specimen removal (T2), and after anastomosis completion (T3).
Microvascular Flow Index (MFI)
Timeframe: before anesthesia induction (T0), after anesthesia induction (T1), after specimen removal (T2), and after anastomosis completion (T3).