This is a single-center randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of short (3 days) versus long (10 days) courses of intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic training (IHHT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 50-74 years. Participants will be randomized into three groups: 3-day IHHT course (n≥100), 10-day IHHT course (n≥100), or control group receiving gas mixture with constant O2 21% for 10 days (n≥50). The primary outcomes are fasting glucose levels and HbA1c. Secondary outcomes include cardiovascular parameters, quality of life, cognitive function, and biological age.
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Change in fasting glucose level (mmol/L) from baseline to 30±3 days after intervention completion
Timeframe: Baseline, day 30
Change in HbA1c (%) from baseline to 30±3 days after intervention completion
Timeframe: Baseline, day 30