This randomized controlled trial evaluates the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection combined with rehabilitation in patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder). Participants were randomly assigned to either an injection plus rehabilitation group or a rehabilitation-only group. The injection group received ultrasound-guided intra-articular hyaluronic acid once weekly for three weeks, along with a standardized rehabilitation program for six weeks. The control group received the same rehabilitation program without injection. Clinical outcomes were assessed at multiple time points, including baseline, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) total score. Secondary outcomes included SPADI pain and disability subscales, as well as shoulder range of motion. This study was registered retrospectively after study initiation due to administrative oversight.
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Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) Total Score
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks