Plantar Pressure and Pain in Young Adults

Plain-language summary

The musculoskeletal system represents a holistic movement organization emerging from the integrated function of the central nervous system, musculoskeletal structures, and joint complexes. This organization is defined in the literature as the kinetic chain, characterized by the sequential and coordinated activation of body segments to enable distal segments to perform activities with optimal speed, position, and timing. The efficiency of the kinetic chain depends on optimal length-tension relationships, neuromuscular control, and balanced load transfer between segments. As the initial point of contact with the ground, the foot functions not merely as a passive support surface but as a dynamic structure actively involved in postural control, balance, and the regulation of ground reaction forces. Plantar pressure distribution and Center of Pressure (CoP) dynamics are considered objective indicators of foot-ground interaction. Due to its complex anatomical and biomechanical structure, any mechanical disturbance within the foot can influence the loading patterns of the entire kinetic chain.Abnormal plantar pressure distribution-characterized by increased peak pressures, altered forefoot-rearfoot load ratios, and increased CoP variability-may lead to compensatory load redistribution in proximal joints. These compensations have been associated with altered motor strategies, reduced neuromuscular control, and impaired shock absorption. Consequently, such alterations may contribute to the development of pain in proximal regions. This suggests a potential association between plantar pressure patterns and pain localization and severity in young adults.

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