This cross-sectional study aims to further subdivide diabetes mellitus into more homogeneous subgroups by focusing on extreme glucose metabolism phenotypes, including monogenic diabetes with β cell dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia caused by excessive β cell secretion, and postprandial hypoglycemia phenotypes. By utilizing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology and the FreeStyle Libre 2 glucose monitoring device, this study will evaluate glycemic variability patterns in patients with extreme glucose metabolism phenotypes and perform comparative analyses using existing CGM data from healthy populations and patients with type 2 diabetes in our center's database. The study aims to address current gaps in understanding glycemic variability characteristics under extreme β cell functional states, provide novel dynamic monitoring evidence to support early identification, precise classification, and personalized management of these special metabolic states, and simultaneously screen for biomarkers to enable more accurate disease identification, thereby offering potential avenues for improving personalized treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Age range
18 Years – 75 Years
Sex
ALL
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The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
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mean blood glucose in mmol/L
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
glucose management indicator (GMI) in %
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
highest glucose values in mmol/L
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
lowest glucose values in mmol/L
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
coefficient of variation (CV)
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) in mmol/L
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) in mmol/L
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
mean of daily differences (MODD) in mmol/L
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
average daily risk range (ADRR)
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE) in mmol/L
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
high blood glucose index (HBGI)
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
low blood glucose index (LBGI)
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
time in range (TIR) in %
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
time above range (TAR) in %
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.
time below range (TBR) in %
Timeframe: The study is a cross-sectional study, patients wil wear a CGM for 14 days after enrollment, and will not wear it afterwards.