Continuous Birth Support by Student Midwives and Labor Pain and Birth Satisfaction

Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women aged 18 years or older * Singleton pregnancy * Gestational age ≥ 37 completed weeks * Low-risk pregnancy * Planned vaginal birth * Admitted to the labor ward in the latent or early active phase of labor * No pharmacological analgesia before the first pain assessment * Ability to communicate and provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * High-risk pregnancy requiring continuous medical or obstetric intervention * Planned cesarean section * Multiple pregnancy * Known fetal anomaly * Use of pharmacological analgesia (e.g., epidural anesthesia, systemic opioids) before baseline pain assessment * Obstetric complications requiring emergency intervention at admission (e.g., fetal distress, placental abruption, cord prolapse) * Inability to cooperate with breathing exercises