Periodontal Health Among Cigarette, Electronic Cigarettes, and Narghile Smokers

Inclusion Criteria: * Cigarette smokers: Individuals who have smoked five or more cigarettes per day for at least one year. * E-cigarette smokers: Individuals who have smoked e-cigarettes one or more times per day for at least one year. * narghile smokers: Individuals who have used a hookah one or more times per day for at least one year. Exclusion Criteria: * Non-smokers * Ages older than 25 years * Dual smokers: Individuals who smoke two or more types of tobacco. * Individuals with systemic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, liver problems, and kidney disease * Individuals who reported using antibiotics, steroids, or NSAIDs within the past month * Individuals who have received periodontal treatment at least six months ago