Digestion and Absorption Kinetics of Beef Consumed Alone or as Part of a Mixed-Meal: a Crossover Trial in Young Adults

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged between 18-35 years * BMI between 18.5-30 kg/m2 * Healthy, recreationally active (exercise at least once per two weeks and a maximum of four days per week) * No physical limitations (i.e., able to perform all activities associated with daily living independently) Exclusion Criteria: * Smoking * Vegan, vegetarian, or does not consume beef protein * Diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders * Use of any medications known to affect protein metabolism (i.e., corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, or prescribed acne medications) * Chronic use of gastric acid-suppressing medication or anti-coagulants * Unstable weight over the last three months * Diagnosed GI tract disorders or diseases * Blood donation in the past 2 months * Females: pregnancy