"Isometric Lower Limbs Exercises Affect on Cardiac Parameters and Headache in Patient After Spinal Anesthesia"

Inclusion Criteria: * Women aged 18-40 years undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. * Able to provide informed consent. * Hemodynamically stable before surgery. -Willing and able to perform lower limb isometric exercises after surgery. - Exclusion Criteria: * History of cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, arrhythmia, heart failure). * Neuromuscular disorders affecting lower limb function. * Complications during surgery or spinal anesthesia (e.g., excessive bleeding,). * Inability or refusal to participate in exercise protocol. * Postoperative complications preventing mobilization (e.g., severe pain). * History of migraine or recurrent headaches (to avoid confounding post-spinal headache measurement). Patients with varicose veins or history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).