Music Therapy for Comatose Brain Injured Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * blunt trauma * computed tomography confirmed intracranial hemorrhage * Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 3-8 for 48+ hours postinjury * mechanical ventilation * age ≥18 years * expected intensive care unit stay ≥72 hours * approach family on hospital day 3 for consent; start study on hospital day 3 or 4 if consent given Exclusion Criteria: * GCS score \>8 when considering candidacy * imminent extubation without tracheostomy * pregnancy or recent birth * hospice care * penetrating trauma * bilateral fixed pupils * cancer, advanced liver disease, end-stage renal disease, autoimmune disorder, prior brain disorder * non-survivable injury * other reasons in the opinion of the investigator or attending trauma physician