This randomized controlled study evaluated whether a nursing intervention based on stress adaptation theory could improve pain trajectory and procedural tolerance in patients undergoing ambulatory retinal laser photocoagulation for diabetic retinal disease. Patients were randomized to receive either routine peri-procedural care or routine care plus a structured nursing intervention including a brief treatment pause, guided slow breathing, anticipatory communication, real-time reassurance, and post-procedure observation. Outcomes included pain intensity, physiologic responses, procedural cooperation, and adverse events.
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Procedural pain intensity during ambulatory retinal laser photocoagulation
Timeframe: Immediately before laser treatment; after the first 50 laser shots; after temporal posterior pole photocoagulation; and immediately after completion of the procedure