Effects of Cognitive Dual-Task on Gait in Parkinson's Disease

Inclusion Criteria for Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: * A clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease confirmed by a neurologist according to the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank diagnostic criteria * Classified between stages 1 and 3 according to the Modified Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale * Aged between 40 and 80 years * A score of at least 21 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) * Ability to walk continuously for at least 10 minutes without interruption and without the use of any assistive walking device * Having received at least 5 years of formal education Exclusion Criteria for Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: * Presence of any neurological disorder other than Parkinson's Disease * Presence of any cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal condition that may impair safe ambulation * A score of ≥10 for anxiety and ≥7 for depression on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) * Presence of visual or auditory impairments that cannot be corrected with assistive devices Inclusion Criteria for Healthy Individuals: * Aged between 40 and 80 years * A score of at least 21 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Exclusion Criteria for Healthy Individuals: * Presence of any neurological disorder * Presence of any cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal condition that may affect safe ambulation * A score of ≥10 for anxiety and ≥7 for depression on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) * Presence of visual or auditory impairments …