CompletedNot Applicable

Evaluation of the Effect of a PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-Based "Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program" on Peer Bullying

Turkey (Türkiye)80 participantsStarted 2026-02-03

Plain-language summary

Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by rapid cognitive, emotional, and social changes that shape personality and psychosocial functioning. During this stage, peer relationships play a central role in adolescents' mental well-being, academic performance, and social adjustment. However, unhealthy peer interactions and exposure to peer bullying significantly increase the risk of adverse physical, psychological, and social outcomes, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, academic difficulties, and risky health behaviors, making bullying a major public health concern. Recent evidence indicates a rising prevalence of peer bullying, particularly among middle school students, highlighting the need for effective school-based interventions. Previous programs have demonstrated reductions in bullying behaviors and improvements in school adjustment and self-confidence, yet meta-analytic findings suggest that existing educational interventions have limited effectiveness, underscoring the need for innovative and theory-driven approaches. The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model offers a comprehensive framework for designing sustainable health promotion interventions by addressing predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors influencing behavior. In this context, a laughter yoga-supported education program grounded in this model aims to increase adolescents' awareness of peer bullying, enhance physiological, psychological, and social well-being, strengthen social interaction, and improve quality of life. To date, no studies have examined the effects of a PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based laughter yoga intervention on peer bullying. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the "Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program," developed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, on peer bullying among adolescents. Objectives: To improve adolescents' levels of awareness regarding peer bullying through the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based "Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program," To enhance adolescents' awareness of health behaviors related to peer bullying through the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based "Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program," To develop adolescents' social skills through PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based laughter yoga educational practices, To significantly reduce the post-test mean peer bullying scores of adolescents in the intervention group compared with their pre-test mean scores, To ensure that the findings of the study contribute to the literature and guide future research on PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based interventions. Hypotheses: H0-1: There is no significant difference in Peer Bullying Identification Scale scores between adolescents who receive the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program and those who do not. H1-1: There is a significant difference in Peer Bullying Identification Scale scores between adolescents who receive the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program and those who do not.

Who can participate

Age range

10 Years – 14 Years

Sex

ALL

See this in plain English?

AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.

Inclusion Criteria: * Voluntary participation of the student and parent/guardian * Being enrolled as an 8th-grade student * No hearing, visual, or cognitive impairment affecting participation in data collection Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of any medical condition contraindicating physical activity * History of abdominal surgery within the past 3 months * Diagnosis of diabetes, glaucoma, hypertension, epilepsy, hernia, or asthma

Questions worth asking your doctor

Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.

1This study used something called the PRECEDE-PROCEED model combined with laughter yoga to address peer bullying in adolescents — can you explain what that approach actually involves and whether it might be appropriate to consider for my child's situation?
2Since this trial is already completed, does that mean results are available, and if so, what did they show about changes in empathy, sympathy, or bullying behavior among the adolescents who participated?
3The study measured outcomes using scales for empathy, peer bullying knowledge, and a program evaluation questionnaire — do you think those are the right measures to assess whether my child is struggling with bullying, and how would you evaluate that in a clinical setting?
4Laughter yoga is a fairly unconventional approach — are there any concerns about whether this type of intervention is appropriate or effective for adolescents dealing with serious peer bullying, compared to more established counseling or behavioral therapies?
5If this program showed meaningful results, are there similar evidence-based school or community programs that incorporate social-emotional learning or peer bullying prevention that you could refer us to right now?

Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.

Questions for the trial coordinator

The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.

1What does taking part actually involve week to week — how many visits, where, and how long does each one take?
2What costs are covered by the study, and what might I have to pay for myself, including travel, parking, or time off work?
3What happens during screening, and what happens if the study team confirms I don't meet the criteria after those tests?
4Who pays for the scans, blood work, and other tests the trial requires — the study, my insurance, or me?
5How will being in the trial affect my regular care, and will my own doctor stay informed and involved?
6Can I leave the trial at any point if I change my mind, and what would happen to my care if I do?

A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.

What they're measuring

Adolescent Empathy and Sympathy Scale

Timeframe: 1 month

Peer Bullying Scale

Timeframe: 1.5 months

Peer Bullying Knowledge Form

Timeframe: 1.5

Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program Evaluation Questionnaire

Timeframe: 1.5 month

Trial details

NCT IDNCT07534566

SponsorAnkara University

Sponsor typeOTHER

Study typeINTERVENTIONAL

Primary completion2026-03-13

View on ClinicalTrials.gov More Laughter Yoga trials