Vacuum-Assisted Clipper in Preoperative Hair Removal: Effects on Contamination and Skin Integrity

Inclusion Criteria: * Male patients aged 18 years and older * Scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery * Require preoperative hair removal at the surgical site * Classified as ASA I, ASA II, or ASA III * Able and willing to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Female patients * Patients who do not require preoperative hair removal * ASA IV or higher risk classification * Presence of active skin lesions at the surgical site that may affect assessment (e.g., dermatitis, psoriasis, open wounds, prominent scars, recent sunburn) * Use of any of the following within the last 7 days: * Antimicrobial soap, lotion, or shampoo * Topical or systemic antibiotics * Steroid therapy * Exposure to biocide-containing pools or thermal/spa waters * Severe immunosuppression (e.g., absolute neutropenia, high-dose steroid therapy) * Requirement for emergency surgery * Known allergy to any products or procedures used in the study