Effects of Electroacupuncture at NP82 and SP15 on Bowel Motility in Healthy Subjects

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy volunteers aged 18 years and older. * No symptoms related to constipation after comprehensive evaluation based on Rome IV criteria. * No gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in stool, constipation, or bloating) in the 4 weeks prior to study participation. * No use of medications that promote or inhibit bowel motility in the 4 weeks prior to participation (including prokinetics, laxatives, antispasmodics, or opioids). * Fasting for at least 4 hours before the study session. * No mental or intellectual disorders; capable of understanding the acupuncture and assessment procedures. * Willingness to participate and signed informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Participants with severe medical conditions (heart, brain, liver, kidney, hematological system, infectious diseases, cancer, or psychiatric disorders). * Metabolic or functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), thyroid dysfunction, or glucose/lipid metabolism disorders. * Use of bowel motility-altering medications within the 4 weeks prior to participation. * Participation in other clinical trials within the last 2 months. * Received acupuncture treatment within the last month. * Skin ulcers, abscesses, or infections at the acupuncture sites. * Known metal allergy or severe needle phobia.