Efficacy Evaluation of Electroacupuncture in the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants who meet the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for functional dyspepsia (FD). * Age 18 to 80 years, male or female. * Chinese patients with a normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy within the past 1 year, or judged by a gastroenterologist with more than 3 years of clinical experience to have no structural disease that explains the symptoms. * Willing and able to provide written informed consent and comply with study procedures. Exclusion Criteria: * Functional dyspepsia symptoms caused by severe or malignant diseases (e.g., liver cirrhosis, heart failure, or gastrointestinal tumors). * Helicobacter pylori infection, defined as a positive urea breath test or positive Hp test on endoscopy. * History of gastrointestinal surgery (except minimally invasive procedures such as laparoscopy). * Presence of a permanent or temporary cardiac pacemaker or use of external/temporary pacing support. * Use of medications that may affect dyspepsia symptoms within 2 weeks prior to enrollment, including antisecretory drugs, antacids, prokinetic agents, digestive enzymes, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants, or traditional Chinese medicine for FD. * Conditions that may make participation difficult, such as severe mental or physical illness, dementia, or illiteracy. * Severe coagulation disorders. * Acupuncture treatment for gastrointestinal diseases within the past 1 month. * Participation in another clinical trial within the past 2 months. * Dru…