Effects of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises Versus Balance Exercises in Older Adults

Inclusion Criteria: * Older adults aged 65 and over, of both sexes * Ability to walk independently and perform basic daily living activities without assistance * Willingness to participate and written consent Exclusion Criteria: * Severe neurological disorders or advanced cognitive impairment * Serious cardiopulmonary or systemic diseases that would prevent participation in exercise * History of orthopedic surgery or acute trauma within the last 6 months * Psychiatric disorders or communication difficulties that would prevent participation