Perineal tears are frequent during vaginal delivery. This study evaluates the impact of hands-on versus hands-off techniques on perineal and neonatal outcomes to determine the most effective protective strategy.
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Perineal outcomes: intact perineum; first-, second-, third-, and fourth-degree perineal tears
Timeframe: Within two hours post-delivery
Neonatal outcomes: umbilical cord pH
Timeframe: within 5 minutes of delivery
Neonatal outcomes: Apgar score
Timeframe: within 5 minutes of birth