Circuit Training With and Without Upper and Lower Limb Resistance Training in Post-CABG Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * • Adult CABG surgery candidates aged between 35 and 65 years who underwent uncomplicated CABG surgery within past 3-6 months. * No history of pre-existing pulmonary disease. * Clinically stable cardiac status and approval for participation in phase-II cardiac rehabilitation from the cardiac surgeon. * Patients that presented with the symptoms of mild to moderate levels of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND). (38) * Willingness and availability to participate in the phase-II cardiac rehabilitation program for the study duration. * Physical ability to perform both upper and lower limb strength training exercise. * Absence of pre-existing severe orthopedic limitations that could interfere with the exercise performance. Exclusion Criteria: * Uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias or any unstable cardiovascular complication that was an absolute contraindication to participate in clinical exercise program. * Severe pre-existing pulmonary conditions such as COPD or Asthma that could interfere with exercise capacity. * Severe orthopedic limitations such as arthritis, recent fractures and sternal site infections post-surgery. * Neurological complications, including stroke, severe neuropathy, balance and coordination abnormalities that could impede physical performance. * Cognitive impairments that may possibly affect the ability to understand and follow the exercise protocols. * Participation in some other structured rehabilitation program …