Comparison of Hyaluronic Acid, Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Prolotherapy in TMJ Arthrocentesis

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients presenting with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, limited mouth opening, and/or unilateral joint pain * Patients diagnosed with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint classified as DC/TMD * Patients who did not respond adequately to conservative treatment modalities * Patients who underwent temporomandibular joint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation * Individuals aged 18-65 years Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals who did not provide informed consent or were unwilling to participate in the study * Patients whose primary source of pain was myofascial pain dysfunction or cervical-origin pain * Pregnant or breastfeeding patients * Patients with a known allergy to any of the injected solutions used in the study * Patients with systemic joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis * Patients with acute infection in the temporomandibular joint region * Patients with hematological disorders * Patients with a history of previous temporomandibular joint surgery * Patients with tumors or malignant neoplasms involving the temporomandibular joint * Patients with a history of oral or maxillofacial trauma affecting the temporomandibular joint * Patients who were unable to cooperate with clinical examination or follow-up procedures