This PN-RCT replicates and evaluates an 8-week warm calling treatment (i.e. caring contacts) delivered to older adults receiving home and community-based services (HCBS; classified as "homebound") in 20-30 minute call "dosages", across 3 conditions, while adding in implementation science measures at multiple levels. Conditions include 2 treatment (i.e. treatment provided by helpers trained in a standardized and manualized Belongingness and Empathy training grounded in narrative reminiscence and the befriending literature (BE condition), and treatment provided by helpers trained in BE + a standardized, manualized, and evidence based suicide intervention training, the Aging Variant of LivingWorks ASIST (BE + ASIST condition), and 1 control (no treatment during the trial; opportunity to receive treatment after the 8 weeks). At the conclusion of treatment, acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, useability, and sustainability of the program will be evaluated by interventionists, senior center leadership, and regional leadership.
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Social Provisions Scale (SPS-5)
Timeframe: Baseline; 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks; 6 month follow up
University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale
Timeframe: Baseline; 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks; 6 month follow up
Patient Health Questionnaire - PHQ-9
Timeframe: Baseline; 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks; 6 month follow up
Short Form Health Survey (SF-12)
Timeframe: Baseline; 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks; 6 month follow up
Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15)
Timeframe: Baseline; 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks; 6 month follow up
Implementation Science Sustainability Survey Measures: AIM
Timeframe: Baseline; 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks; 6 month follow up
Implementation Science Sustainability Survey Measures: IAM
Timeframe: Baseline; 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks; 6 month follow up
Implementation Science Sustainability Survey Measures: FIM
Timeframe: Baseline; 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks; 6 month follow up
Implementation Science Sustainability Survey Measures: SUS
Timeframe: Baseline; 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks; 6 month follow up
Household Food Security Survey Module - 10 item (Adult Only)
Timeframe: Baseline; 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks; 6 month follow up