1. The combined induction of intubation with propofol and remifentanil is widely used in clinical anesthesia, primarily through a single intravenous injection. Target-controlled infusion (TCI) technology, which combines pharmacology with clinical practice, offers a more stable and precise infusion mode; 2. This project aims to explore the half-effective concentration (EC50) of propofol combined with remifentanil for inhibiting tracheal intubation stimulation through a sequential approach under the monitoring of qNOX pain index.
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Half-effective concentration
Timeframe: Calculated using SPSS software based on the TCI target concentration set during anesthesia induction (the fixed value of the inducing dose does not change over time).
Heart rate
Timeframe: 5 min before intubation, during intubation (within 1~1.5 min) and 5 min after intubation (take the average of three measurements at each stage).
blood pressure
Timeframe: 5 min before intubation, during intubation (within 1~1.5 min) and 5 min after intubation (take the average of three measurements at each stage).
CCS score (intubation score)
Timeframe: within 1 min while intubation (satisfactory intubation conditions simultaneously meet: visible laryngoscope exposure, no vocal cord movement, no coughing, relaxed jaw, no limb movement; otherwise, it is considered unsatisfactory intubation conditions)