Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy Massage on Pain and Wrist Mobility in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 20 to 60 years * Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis meeting the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria * Seropositive for Rheumatoid Factor (RF) * Stable dosage of RA medications (NSAIDs, csDMARDs, bDMARDs) for at least 3 months prior to enrollment with commitment to maintain the regimen Exclusion Criteria: * Acute joint inflammation or infection in the hands or upper back during screening * Recent surgery (within 6 months) affecting hands or upper back * Dermal lesions, open wounds, infections, or significant vascular pathology at treatment sites * Serious comorbidities (uncontrolled diabetes, renal failure, cancer, severe cardiac/respiratory disease, coagulopathies, anticoagulant use) * Pregnancy or breastfeeding * Previous lavender aromatherapy massage within 6 months * Documented hypersensitivity to lavender aromatherapy massage