White Noise and Crying Duration After Invasive Procedures in Infants

Inclusion Criteria: * Infants aged 1-3 months * Born at term (≥37 weeks gestational age) * Admitted to the general pediatric ward * Scheduled for routine invasive procedures such as venipuncture or intravenous line placement Exclusion Criteria: * Infants with congenital anomalies * Infants with hearing impairments * Infants with a history of analgesic or pain-relieving medication use prior to the invasive procedure * Infants requiring intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring