Comprehensive Analysis of Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy Outcomes in Recurrent Malignant Gliomas

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years at the time of initial brain tumor diagnosis; * Histologically confirmed diagnosis of malignant glioma, including: * Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (WHO grade 4) * Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant (WHO grade 3-4) * Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (WHO grade 2-3) * Molecularly confirmed diagnosis according to WHO 2021 classification (with available data on IDH1/2, BRAF, 1p/19q, and MGMT status where applicable); * Documented disease recurrence or progression with available treatment-related data in medical records to assess at least one of the study outcome measures Exclusion Criteria: * Age \< 18 years at initial diagnosis; * Absence of molecular-genetic confirmation of the tumor (according to WHO 2021 classification); * Lack of documented disease recurrence or progression, or insufficient treatment-related data in medical records to assess at least one of the study outcome measures; * Prior participation in clinical trials with unblinded investigational agents where data cannot be extracted (except where data are available and verifiable); * Synchronous primary malignant neoplasms.