Diaphragm Morphology and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Subacute Hemiplegic Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18-80 years * Clinical diagnosis of hemiplegia * Subacute phase (1-6 months post-onset) * Ability to tolerate diaphragm ultrasonography and MIP/MEP measurements * MMSE score ≥ 24 * Adequate level of consciousness and ability to cooperate Exclusion Criteria: * Respiratory comorbidities such as COPD, asthma, or interstitial lung disease * Diaphragmatic paralysis or severe chest wall deformity * Acute cardiopulmonary conditions preventing respiratory function testing * Severe cognitive impairment that may affect measurements * Inability to perform ultrasound assessment due to prior gastric or abdominal surgery