This single-center randomized controlled trial was designed to compare epinephrine-added irrigation fluid with an intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) protocol during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The primary outcome measure was surgeon-rated surgical field visibility. Secondary outcome measures included arthroscopic pump pressure, total irrigation volume, and early postoperative shoulder soft-tissue edema assessed at 24 hours.
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Surgical field visibility
Timeframe: Intraoperative (during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair)