Effects of a Combined Home-Based Exercise Program on Dual-Task Gait Performance, EEG Markers of Cognitive-Motor Control, and Pain in Females With Primary Dysmenorrhea

Inclusion Criteria: * single * 18-25 years * meet the diagnostic criteria for PD as outlined in the Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guidelines - first onset of menstrual pain 6-24 months after menarche, pain lasting 8-72h in a cycle, and the most severe pain on the 1st or 2nd day of menstruation * having a regular menstrual cycle (28 ± 7 days) * menstrual pain intensity ≥4 cm on VAS in the previous 6 months * absence of any known medical condition Exclusion Criteria: * history of pelvic surgery * history and/or findings of secondary dysmenorrhea * history of mental or physical diseases * history of joint, motion, muscle, or bone diseases which reduce the abilities to exercise * being a professional athlete * taking analgesic or non-pharmacological agents other than NSAID for menstrual pain * used an intrauterine device or oral contraceptive pill * metal implants, including pacemaker * history of non-normal brain activity, including seizures