Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Inclusion Criteria: * Female patients aged 35-75 years * Scheduled for total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign gynecologic conditions, including leiomyoma uteri, adenomyosis, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial pathology (non-atypical hyperplasia, endometrial thickening, or polyps), cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN 2-3) without evidence of invasion and indicated for therapeutic hysterectomy, chronic pelvic pain, or benign uterine prolapse * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I-II * Cognitive ability sufficient to assess and report postoperative pain (no dementia or severe psychiatric disorder) * Provision of written informed consent * Completion of surgery laparoscopically as planned (no conversion to laparotomy) Exclusion Criteria: * Presence or suspicion of malignant gynecologic disease * History of allergy or hypersensitivity to bupivacaine or other amide-type local anesthetics * History of chronic pain syndrome, analgesic dependence, or regular use of opioids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) * Severe systemic disease (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hepatic or renal insufficiency, or heart failure) * Neurological or psychiatric disorders that impair the ability to assess or report pain