Scoliosis and Functional Outcomes in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Inclusion Criteria * Age between 8 and 18 years at the time of enrollment * Diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) according to ILAR criteria * Written informed consent obtained from parent/legal guardian and assent from the child/adolescent, when appropriate Exclusion Criteria * Known scoliosis due to non-JIA causes (e.g., congenital vertebral anomalies, neuromuscular disorders, or syndromic scoliosis) * History of prior spinal surgery or current brace treatment for scoliosis * History of significant spinal trauma or spinal infection/tumor affecting spinal alignment * Presence of coexisting chronic conditions that significantly affect posture, gait, or functional testing (e.g., severe neurologic impairment) and may confound assessments * Inability to undergo required assessments (e.g., inability to stand for radiographs or complete functional measures)