In this study we applied TMS to the hand area of M1 whilst acquiring fMRI of the brain. This study tested whether a higher-frequency form of brain stimulation, called high-gamma (100Hz) intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), more effectively increases brain excitability than the standard 50Hz iTBS. In a double-blind, randomized study with 22 healthy participants, brain activity and motor responses were measured using TMS-fMRI. The 100Hz iTBS condition produced stronger and more consistent increases in motor excitability and greater activation of sensorimotor brain regions compared to 50Hz and sham stimulation, suggesting it may be a more effective approach for non-invasive neuromodulation.
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Timeframe: Throughout the whole experiment, for a total of 26mins
Motor evoked potentials (MEPs)
Timeframe: MEPs are measured for 8mins immediately before intervention, then 15mins after intervention for a further 8mins.